Legal Basis for Personal Data as an Asset: From “Owned Property” to PDAOS (and Why MyDataKey Had to Exist)
For decades, the digital economy treated personal data as fuel—extracted, refined into profiles and predictions, and monetized at scale—while the originating human was treated as a subject with consent toggles, not an economic principal with an ownable position. PDAOS exists to close the gap between rights and real-world enforceability by originating court-legible posture: definability, notice, priority, and evidence.
1) The Core Shift: From Privacy (Protection) to Sovereign IP (Ownership)
“Privacy” frameworks generally assume data is a risk to mitigate: limit collection, require disclosures, allow deletion, and enforce compliance. That’s necessary—but it isn’t an ownership model.
The Sovereign IP lens starts with a different premise:
- Your data was used.
- Value was created.
- Ownership was never transferred.
- Therefore: compensation, licensing, or exclusion can be due (depending on facts and theory).
This isn’t science fiction. It’s a reframing: shifting from permission to position—from “I consented/didn’t consent” to “I hold an evidenced, defined interest in identity-derived assets, and you have notice of it.”
AI industrializes extraction: training and inference monetization can occur far downstream from the moment of collection—often without the originator’s knowledge. The result is a widening gap between value creation and human agency.
2) Property Doesn’t Start with Statutes: Definability, Exclusivity, and Reliance
A common misconception is that “data isn’t property” because no single statute says “personal data is property.” But new “property-like” interests often emerge through courts recognizing defined intangible interests, and then commercial systems building around them.
A key doctrinal anchor: courts have recognized that certain intangibles can be treated as property when they are (1) capable of precise definition, (2) capable of exclusive control, and supported by a (3) legitimate claim to exclusivity. This framing is articulated in Kremen v. Cohen (domain names as property for conversion analysis).
Another modern anchor: jurisdictions have recognized conversion-like claims for electronic records and data, rejecting the idea that intangibility alone defeats property characterization. In Thyroff v. Nationwide, New York’s highest court held conversion can apply to certain electronic computer records and data.
And a foundational Supreme Court signal: information assets like trade secrets can constitute property interests defined by the right to exclude—the core “stick” in the bundle of property rights. In Ruckelshaus v. Monsanto, the Court addressed trade-secret-like submitted data and discussed property rights including the right to exclude.
Takeaway: the legal system already has pathways to treat intangible, information-adjacent interests as property-like when they are defined, excludable, and susceptible to evidentiary proof.
3) The Trap: Trying to “Win” the Philosophy of Data-as-Property (Instead of Winning the Evidence Layer)
Most efforts in this space fail because they try to force an immediate doctrinal conclusion: “all personal data is property.” Courts don’t like sweeping declarations when the underlying facts are messy, commingled, and hard to prove.
PDAOS is designed around a more conservative, court-realistic approach:
Evidence and notice first; merits later.
The system does not ask a court to bless a new regime. It asks courts to do what they already do with registries and recordation systems: treat them as evidence of a claim, evidence of timing, and evidence of notice, while independently deciding the merits.
PDAOS intentionally avoids being a privacy tool, consent manager, deletion service, data broker, or data vault. It doesn’t need custody to originate the claim-object. Custody is not the prerequisite for evidentiary posture.
4) The Missing Infrastructure: Rights Without Origination Are Aspirational
Even where statutes provide rights (access, deletion, limitation of processing), individuals face an operational gap:
- proving where their data appears,
- establishing standing and linkage,
- expressing intent in a durable, auditable way,
- showing that a recipient had knowledge,
- and doing all of this across fragmented platforms and downstream processors.
The result: rights exist on paper, but enforcement becomes expensive, slow, and highly asymmetric. PDAOS is built to close that gap by making ownership posture executable—as records, exhibits, and standardized notice.
5) What PDAOS Actually Originates: Claim-Objects, Not Raw Data
The architectural breakthrough is subtle but decisive:
This “origination moment” creates an ownership record that is machine-readable, auditable, exportable as an exhibit, and suitable for rights execution under existing legal regimes—without storing raw personal data.
Think “registry-grade ownership documentation” rather than “vault storage.” The objective is posture: defining what is claimed, when it was originated, and what notice was provided—without turning the system into a high-risk repository.
6) How PDAOS Becomes Court-Legible: Notice, Priority, and Admissibility
6.1 Notice: the Notice of Origination (NoO)
PDAOS operationalizes notice through a formal NoO designed to establish actual knowledge of the claimant’s asserted posture and scope—especially relevant for post-notice use arguments.
6.2 Priority: timestamped recordation and clearinghouse rules
Like other recordation systems, PDAOS relies on priority mechanics: earliest timestamp within scope wins, conflicts are recorded without adjudication, amendments are prospective, and reliance posture is explicit.
6.3 Admissibility: modern evidence rules for electronic records
PDAOS is built to generate authentication-ready electronic records, aligning with Federal Rule of Evidence 902(13) and 902(14), which provide self-authentication pathways for certified electronic process records and certified data copies when properly certified and noticed.
// The practical result:
// - fewer “foundation fights” over authenticity
// - tighter disputes focused on merits
// - cleaner exhibits showing scope, timing, and notice
7) Commercial-Law Compatibility: “General Intangibles” and the Direction of Travel
Even without declaring “data is property” wholesale, commercial law already contains a broad category for non-physical assets: general intangibles under UCC Article 9. UCC § 9-102(a)(42) defines “general intangible” broadly as personal property not otherwise categorized (including things in action).
Separately, the UCC’s modernization via the 2022 amendments (including new Article 12 on “controllable electronic records”) signals continuing legislative willingness to structure property-like rules for certain electronic intangibles.
PDAOS is designed to stay classification-safe: it records and certifies a claim-object, enabling priority/notice and later chain-of-title concepts, without becoming a custodial “asset platform” or a regulated financial product.
8) Identity-Based Value: Right of Publicity and Unfair Competition as Supporting Theories
Where the monetized asset is not “the raw data” but the commercial value extracted from identity indicia (name, likeness, voice, and sometimes broader identity signals), right-of-publicity and unfair competition doctrines can support claims—when facts fit.
The Restatement (Third) of Unfair Competition § 46 addresses appropriation of the commercial value of identity. PDAOS doesn’t need these theories to exist universally; it needs them as part of the doctrinal landscape that makes “identity-derived value” something law already knows how to recognize in certain contexts.
9) Why PDAOS Is Necessary (and Why Competitors Can’t Simply “Add It”)
Most “personal data” products fall into one of four buckets:
- privacy controls / consent tooling
- deletion / broker suppression
- data vaults / personal data stores
- monitoring / alerts
These can be useful, but they don’t originate a standardized, court-facing asset posture—and they typically do not create:
- a persistent root origination anchor,
- scoped contextual asset classes,
- immutable provenance logs,
- formal notice instruments,
- priority rules,
- transfer/inheritance logic,
- and a judicial primer explaining what the record is and is not.
In MyDataKey’s framing: ownership never changes; only permissions do. PDAOS is built around origination + posture, not custody.
10) “Frontier” Status: PDAOS as the Settlement Layer for Human Data
If there’s one sentence that captures why MyDataKey is the frontier, it’s this:
We do not store personal data — we originate assets.
PDAOS is not a philosophical claim. It is an operational protocol that makes three things possible at scale:
- Standing: a defensible linkage between a human originator and scoped asset classes
- Notice: a standardized way to place recipients on actual knowledge
- Legibility: records designed for reliance by platforms, auditors, regulators, and courts
That’s why the clearinghouse posture matters: it creates a neutral interface where platforms can query posture, receive receipts, and manage compliance artifacts—without MyDataKey acting as enforcer, broker, or tribunal.
11) What This Means for the “Updates” Audience
The public conversation is slowly moving from “consent” to “equity,” from “privacy policy” to “provenance,” from “opt-out” to “who owns the value.” AI accelerates that shift because training value is produced from people at industrial scale, and attribution is becoming technically and evidentially discussable.
MyDataKey’s bet is that the winners won’t be the loudest ideologues declaring “data is property.” The winners will be the builders who make ownership posture executable using conservative legal mechanics courts already understand: definability, exclusivity, notice, priority, admissibility, and reliance.
References (Selected)
- Kremen v. Cohen, 337 F.3d 1024 (9th Cir. 2003).
- Thyroff v. Nationwide Mut. Ins. Co., 8 N.Y.3d 283 (2007).
- Ruckelshaus v. Monsanto Co., 467 U.S. 986 (1984).
- Federal Rules of Evidence 902(13) and 902(14).
- UCC § 9-102(a)(42) (“general intangible”).
- Uniform Commercial Code Amendments (2022) / Article 12 (“controllable electronic records”).
- Restatement (Third) of Unfair Competition § 46 (appropriation of commercial value of identity).
Note: This post is informational and conceptual; it is not legal advice and does not create an attorney-client relationship.